Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age. It may affect as many as one in five patients. This condition impacts not only ovarian function but also metabolism, glucose regulation, and overall well-being. The most common symptoms include irregular menstrual cycles, lack of ovulation, and difficulty conceiving.

At Pozmedica, we provide comprehensive care – from diagnostics to therapy – for women with suspected or confirmed PCOS. Our goal is not only symptom management but also improving patients’ quality of life and supporting their efforts to achieve motherhood.

PCOS – Causes

Polycystic ovary syndrome is multifactorial. The most common cause is hormonal imbalance, characterized by elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels alongside reduced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. This leads to abnormal maturation of ovarian follicles and, consequently, to anovulation.

Metabolic factors, including insulin resistance that may contribute to type 2 diabetes, also play a significant role. Genetic predisposition, improper diet, and lack of physical activity further contribute to the development of the syndrome. Lifestyle is crucial both in the development and treatment of PCOS.

Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS symptoms vary depending on the severity of hormonal imbalance. The most common include:

• Irregular or infrequent menstruation,
• Difficulty conceiving,
• Severe acne and oily skin,
• Excessive hair growth of a male pattern (hirsutism),
• Hair loss at the temples and crown,
• Weight gain, especially around the abdomen,
• Fatigue and mood swings.

A characteristic ultrasound (USG) finding is the presence of numerous small follicles in the ovaries that do not mature or rupture due to hormonal disturbances. As a result, cysts form and ovulation does not occur.

Diagnostics

At Pozmedica, we diagnose PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. To confirm a diagnosis, at least two of the following three features must be present:

• Ovulatory dysfunction (oligo-ovulation or anovulation),
• Clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism,
• Characteristic ovarian morphology on ultrasound.

Diagnostic procedures include hormonal tests (e.g., testosterone, DHEAS, SHBG, LH, FSH), evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose, glucose tolerance tests with insulin measurement), and lipid profile. Ultrasound assessment of the ovaries is also essential.

PCOS diagnostics require excluding other endocrine disorders that may cause similar symptoms.

Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS treatment should be tailored to the individual patient – both in terms of symptoms and fertility goals. Depending on the situation, we use:

• Hormonal contraceptives to regulate the cycle and reduce androgen levels,
• Medications improving tissue sensitivity to insulin, such as metformin,
• Ovulation-stimulating medications if the patient is trying to conceive,
• Symptomatic treatment for skin changes and hair loss.

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary, and patients may be referred to fertility treatment centers.

Lifestyle as Part of Therapy

Lifestyle modification is crucial in PCOS management. Even modest weight loss – around 5–10% – can restore normal ovulation and significantly increase the chances of conception. We recommend:

• Following a low-glycemic-index diet,
• Increasing fiber intake and reducing simple sugars,
• Regular physical activity adapted to individual capacity,
• Adequate sleep and stress reduction.

At Pozmedica, we also offer dietary and psychological support to help patients implement and maintain healthy habits effectively.

Polycystic ovary syndrome requires understanding, a comprehensive approach, and collaboration with an experienced team of specialists. At Pozmedica, we combine gynecological and endocrinological expertise, use modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods, and provide individualized care for every patient.

If you are experiencing PCOS symptoms or want to confirm a diagnosis – schedule a consultation.